Analytical reasoning complete in depth understanding with examples

NTS NAT and other entry tests have Analytical reasoning which should be understood to get marks.
If you will simply read from our this guide,you will surely get full marks in this portion and you will never have to face difficulty regarding Analytical reasoning in aptitude tests or any other job or admission entry tests.This guide is in 5 simple parts.Simply read them all and you will be the master of reasoning.

Part 1

What is Analytical Reasoning?

In this part I have tried to cover two major things regarding Analytical Reasoning Questions.

What is Analytical Reasoning?

How do you answer Analytical Reasoning Questions? 

To be honest,with practice you can easily score 80% marks in this portion."Practice" has biggest role in this portion.

Analytical reason questions are like puzzle games where we are given some clues and we have to understand them in a way to answer other question related to those clues.

Let us solve an example to know what did i exactly mean.

Example 1

Problem Statement

Three Musicians – D, E and F can play exactly one instrument: The piano, The Flute, The Guitar – though not necessarily in the same order.

            D, whose sister is guitar player does not play piano

            F is an only child. 

 Important Considerations while answering Analytical Reasoning Problems. 

Approaches for Different Types of Questions in Analytical Reasoning

There are mainly 4 types:

i) “What must be true”? Or “What must not be false”?

ii) “What must not be true”? Or “What must be false”?

iii) “Which can be true?” Or “Which could be true”? Or “Which may be true”? Or “Which might be true”? Or “Which should be true”? Or “Which cannot be false”? Or “Which could not be false”? Or “Which may not be false”? Or “Which might not be false”? Or “Which should not be false?”

iv)  “Which can be false”? Or “Which could be false”? Or “Which may be false”? Or “Which might be false”? Or “Which should be false?” Or “Which cannot be true?” Or “Which could not be true”? Or “Which may not be true”? Or “Which might not be true”? Or “Which should not be true”? 

Is tara k questions main hum khud ko confuse kar lete hain. Kis type main kaya approach use karni chahiye us k liye hamain pehlay “MUST BE TRUE” or “MAY BE TRUE” ka difference samajna paray ga. Q k “MUST BE TRUE” is not equal to “MAY BE TRUE”.

Special Note: Analytical Reasoning Problems k questions main “Can be, Could be, May be, Might be, Shall be, Should be” in sab ka matlab aik he samja jata hai.

MUST BE TRUE	MAY BE TRUE
It is less ambiguous	It is more ambiguous
Ye wo exact answer hota hai jo de hoi conditions ko fulfill karta hai	Ye wo answer hota hai jo hum de hoi statements say deduce kar saktay hain
Is main hamain sirf de hoi information par he rely karna parta hai	Is main hum apni valid assumptions b utilize kar saktay hain
Is main hamain ye dhayan rakhna parta hai k	Is main hamain ye dekhna parta hai k jo
hum say exactly pocha kaya gaya hai sirf usi ka jawab dena hota hai.	pocha gaya hai uski possibilities kitni ho sakti hain

Jo differences hum nay oper bayan kiye hain un ka faraq samajnay k liye hum aik example discuss kar lete hain.

Suppose hamain aik aisi statement de gai hai k.

i)    Jo insan stairs say girtay hain un ki left tang toot jati hai. ii) Ali aik insan hai aur wo staris say gir gaya hai.

Case – Must be ture:

Ab oper de gai statements ko agar hum logically jorain to hamari pehli statement kehti hai k jo b insan stairs say girta hai uski left tang tot jati hai aur Ali b insan hai aur wo stairs say gir gaya hai to it “MUST BE TRUE” k uski left tang toot jaye ge.

Case – May be true:

Ab oper de gai statements say hum ye result nahein nikaal saktay k Ali gira hai to uska bazo b toota hoga ya uski qamar ki haddi b tooti ho ge. Q k ye chezain statement main kahi he nai gai. Ye assumptions hum khud say laga rahay hain jo natural conditions main ho b sakti hain aur nahein b. So this is the best explanation of “MAY BE TRUE”.

2) Process of Choice Elimination on the basis of Initial Conditions

Sometimes jab kisi question main koi extra conditions na de hon to hum elimination method k zariye say apnay question ko asaani say solve kar saktay hain. Is main hum ye kartay hain k apni har answering option ko apni conditions k sath compare kartay hain aur agar kisi option main aik condition b violate ho jaye to us ko eliminate kar dete hain aur is tara akhar main hamaray paas aik he option reh jati hai jis par tamam conditions fulfill hoti hain aur wohi hamari answering option hoti hai. 

Isko samajnay k liye hum aik choti c example discuss kar lete hain.

Problem Statement: 

Six contestants, R, S, T, U, V, and W, are to be placed first (highest) through sixth (lowest), though not necessarily in that order, at the start of a singles Ping-Pong challenge contest.

i)                    R is placed above S.

ii)                  V is placed above both T and U. iii)         W is placed two places above T.

        iv)        R is placed either third or fourth.

Question: Which of the following is a possible initial placing from highest to lowest?

A)      V, T, W,R, U, S

B)      W, U, T,V,R,S

C)      W, S, T,R,V,V

D)      V, W, R, T, U, S

E)       V, W, T,R, U, S

Summarization of Initial Conditions

i)        R < S

ii)      V < (T & U) iii)           W = T – 2 iv)           R = 3 v 4

Elimination of Choices

Hum choices ki elimination k liye 2 methods use kar saktay hain. In dono main say apko jo b approach better lagay ap wo use kar lain ya phir agar ap ko is say better approach ka pata hai to ap wo b use kar saktay hain. Q k ye methods hard and fast rules nahein hain. Dono approaches nechay de gai hain.

a)      Elimination of Choices by using Answering Options

b)      Elimination of Choices by using Initial Conditions

Dono approaches apko aik jesi he lagain ge but kuch log first main comfortable feel karain gay jab k kuch log second main. So, I am explaining both of them.

a)      Elimination of Choices by using Answering Options

Is method main hum bari bari kar k aik aik option pakrain gay aur us par initial conditions apply karain gay. Jis option par aik b condition violate ho ge usay hum eliminate kar dain gay aur end par sirf aik he option bachay ge jis par saray rules satisfy hon gay aur wo hamara answer hoga.

Let us check option A first:

•      Condition no i is satisfied

•      Condition no ii is satisfied

•      Condition no iii is not satisfied

Ab hum condition no iv ko check he nahein karain gay Q k jab aik b condition violate ho jaye to wo answer ho he nahein sakta.

Let us check option B:

•      Condition no i is satisfied

•      Condition no ii is not satisfied

Ab hum condition no iii and iv ko check he nahein karain gay Q k jab aik b condition violate ho jaye to wo answer ho he nahein sakta.

Let us check option C:

•      Condition no i is not satisfied

So, option C be eliminate ho gai. Let us check option D:

•      Condition no i is satisfied

•      Condition no ii is satisfied

•      Condition no iii is satisfied

•      Condition no iv is also satisfied

Iska matlab hai k hamara Answer option D he hai. Agar hum option E ko na b check karain to guzara ho jaye ga lekin main apko suggest karon ga k ap tamam options zaror check karain is say hamain ye pata chal jaye ga k hum nay kahein koi galti to nahein ki.

Let us check option E:

•      Condition no i is satisfied

•      Condition no ii is satisfied

•      Condition no iii is not satisfied

So option E is also eliminated. Now without any doubt our right answer after eliminating process is option D.

b)     Elimination of Choices by using Initial Conditions

Is method main hum bari bari kar k aik aik initial condition pakrain gay aur usay tamam options par apply karain gay. Jo rule kisi b option par satisfy nahein hoga wo choice hum eliminate kar dain gay. Is tara end par hamaray pas sirf aik he option bachay ge jis par tamam rules apply hon gay aur wohi hamara answer hoga. 

Let us check Condition i first:

•      Satisfied with Option A

•      Satisfied with Option B

•      Not Satisfied with Option C

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Satisfied with Option E

Option C par condition no i satisfy nahein hoti is liye option C yahen par eliminate ho jaye ge aur further hum koi aur condition option C par check nahein karain gay.

Let us check Condition ii:

•      Satisfied with Option A

•      Not Satisfied with Option B

•      Option C is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Satisfied with Option E

Is test k baad Option B is also eliminated.

Let us check Condition iii:

•      Not Satisfied with Option A

•      Option B is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Option C is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Not Satisfied with Option E

After checking condition no iii, 2 more options A and E are eliminated. Ab sifr aik he option bachi hai aur wo D hai lekin abi hum ye nahein keh saktay k D is our answer q k abi aik condition baqi hai.

Let us check Condition iv:

•      Option A is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Option B is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Option C is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Option E is already eliminated so no need to check

After testing all initial conditions on Answering options, only D is left which satisfies all given initial conditions. So, right answer is D.

I hope k aap ko eliminating choices k through question ko solve karna samaj main aa gaya hoga. Baqi dono approaches similar he hain aur apko jo b suitable lagay ap wo choose kar lain.

Precautionary Note: Ye zarori nahein k tamam question elimination method say he hon. So, don’t apply this method blindly on all questions.

3)      Technical Errors during interpretation of “If” statements

Jin statements main word “If” use hota hai hum aksar unko interpretation main aik technical error kar dete hain jo main nay nechay explain kiya hai. For example,

If P is selected, then Q must be selected.

Is statement ka matlab hai k agar P ko liya hai to Q ko lazmi lain gay. Lekin is ka ye har giz matlab nahein hai k agar Q liya hai to P b lena paray ga. Yehe wo technical mistake hai jo hum “If” ki statement walay question main kartay hain. So be careful while dealing such statements.

4)      Technical Errors during interpretation of “If and only if” statements

Jin statements main word “If and only if” use hota hai hum aksar unko interpretation main “If” ki statement k sath mix kar dete hain hala k dono main aik bara clear difference hai jo nechay de gai example main explain kiya gaya hai. For example,

P is selected, if and only if Q is selected.

Is statement ka matlab hai k agar P ko liya hai to Q ko lazmi lain gay. Aur is ka ye b matlab hai k agar Q liya hai to P b lena paray ga. Yehe basic difference hai “If” statement main aur “If and only if” ki statement main. If and only if ko sometime “Iff” say b zahar kiya jata hai.

Tabular form main difference nechay diya gaya hai jis say apko key difference point zayada clear ho jayein gay.

If Statements	If and only If Statements
It is denoted by “If”	It is denoted by “If and only if” or “Iff”
Symbolic representation is	Symbolic representation is ≡
Example: If P is selected, then Q must be selected	Example: If and only if P is selected, Q is also selected
Interpretation: If P is selected then Q is also selected But If Q is selected then selection of P is not mandatory	Interpretation: If P is selected then Q is also selected If Q is selected then P is also selected

5) Value Your Time

Ap sab nay 2 terms bohat zayada suni hon ge.

•      Effectiveness

•      Efficiency

Hum farz kartay hain k Ali aur Akbar nay GAT ka test diya. Test ka time 120 minutes tha. Ali nay pora test 90 minute main solve kar liya jab k Akbar pora test diye hoye time main solve nahein kar paya. Jab result aya to pata chala k Akbar k marks Ali say zayada hain.

Oper wali statement parh kar hum 2 batain keh saktay hain.

1) Ali is more efficient than Akbar. Q k Ali nay Akbar say pehlay pora paper solve kar liya 2) Akbar is more effective than Ali. Q k Akbar nay paper main Ali say zayada marks liye.

Lekin dono main say behtar kon hai. To answer hai k dono he nahein. Q k to be successful in any field you have to effective as well as efficient. Same rule applies in GAT test. Apko agar sara paper aata ho lekin aap usay within given time solve he na kar sakain to uska koi faida nahein hai. So you have to value your time during the test and you have to be very careful regarding those things which consume time in Analytical Reasoning Question and normally termed as

•      Point Killers

•      Black Holes

Point Killers

Point killers is tara k questions hotay hain jo apka waqt lazmi lete hain. Ap inko short cut main solve nahein kar sakty. In main is tara k questions hotay hain

Agar P hoa to Q be ho ga

Agar Q hoa to R be ho ga

Agar R hoa to S nahein ho ga

Aisay questions ko koshish karain k last par try karain ta k apka time baqi questions main b distribute ho sakay

Black Holes

Science kehti hai k hamari universe main bohat saray aisay Black Holes majood hain k jin main itni kashish hoti hai k baray baray sitaray b us main gir kar kho jatay hain. Isi tara kuch

Analytical Reasoning Problems b Black Holes ki tara hotay hain k jab ap unko start kartay hain to un main aisa kho jatay hain k apko time ka hosh he nahein rehta aur apka kafi time waste ho jata hai. Agar koi is tara ka question aa jaye to kabi kabaar Tukkay say b kaam chala lena chahiye aur time bacha lena chahiye. Lekin agar ap k paas time hai to you should solve.

 Part 3

In part 3, main nay ye discuss kiya hai

•      Different Categories of Analytical Reasoning Problems

•      Explanation of First two categories of Analytical Reasoning Problems with the help of solved example problem

Ab baqi 2 parts main b main different categories ka aik aik question with explanation solve karon ga aur apko suggest karon ga k first 2 parts achi tara parh lain q k agar apko first 2 parts clear hain to apko questions solve karnay main koi masla nahein hoga. 

DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF ANALYTICAL REASONING PROBLEMS

On the basis of nature of questions, Analytical Reasoning problems can be divided into one of the following categories.

1.      Straight Order

2.      Scattered Order

3.      Suitable Selections

4.      Table Seating Arrangements

a.       Circular Table Arrangements

b.      Rectangular Table Arrangements

5.      Comparison Problems

6.      Networking Problems

7.      Matrix Problems

8.      Relationship Problems

Ho sakta hai k different books main ye method kisi aur name say available hon. Main nay wo name use kiye hain jo us book main diye gaye hain jisko main follow kar raha hon.

In GAT General about 90% and sometimes 100% questions belong to first four categories. Jitnay test main nay abi tak diye hain un main mostly 40% questions first category k hotay thay. 30% second category k. 20% third category k aur 10% fourth category k. Lekin iska ye har giz matlab nahein k baqi 4 categories ka kabi question nahein aaya. So, prepare all methods but give more concentrattion on first four categories as compared to last four categories. Now, I will explain first two categories in this part.

1) Straight Order

The simplest and most commonly analytical reasoning questions are straight order questions.

This kind of problems normally starts with this kind of statements;

•      Five people standing in a line

•      Twelve people in a street in twelve houses  Six runners in a race etc

2) Scattered Order

A little bit tough as compared to Straight Order problems but not toughest. 

These kind of problems normally start with

•      There are five chairs and four persons

•      There are ten people and six rooms

•      There are three people and five dishes etc . . .

In dono ka faraq ab ko main tabular form main samjata hon

Straight Order	Scattered Order
Ye Analytical Problems ki sab say simple type hoti hai	Ye Analytical Problems ki thori c tough type hoti hai
Is main aam tor par tamam individuals ko 1, 1 jaga mil jati hai. Is ko main nay nechay aik example say clear kiya hai	Is main aam tor par tamam individuals ko 1, 1 jaga nahein milti. Is ko main nay nechay aik example say clear kiya hai
Example: Aik street main 6 ghar hain aur un main total 6 log rehtay hain. Is main zarori hai k har ghar main 1 he banda aaye. Aur koi b ghar khali na ho.	Example: Aik street main 6 ghar hain aur un main total 10 log rehtay hain. Is main zarori nahein k har ghar main 1 he banda aaye. Kisi main 1 say zayada b ho saktay hain aur kisi main koi b nahein ho sakta.
Ye mostly symbols main summarize kar k solve ho jatay hain	In main aksar symbols k sath sath graphically b conditions ko summarize karna parta hai
Mostly GAT main nearly 40% questions Straight order k hotay hain.	Mostly GAT main nearly 30% questions Scattered order k hotay hain.
Ye solve honay main sab say kam time lete hain	Ye solve honay main zayada time lete hain.

Important Note: Analytical Problems chahay kisi b category k hon agar hum wo tamam basic rules aur precautions ko follow karain jo pehlay 2 parts main explain ki gai hain to ap har type k questions ko easily solve kar lain gay.

Now let us solve one question of straight order. But before solving please make it sure k pehlay 2 parts apko mukamal clear hain.

Problem Statement – Straight Ordering:

In a school function six students J,K,L,M,N and O are sitting in front row of six seats. All six seats are numbered from 1 to 6. Only one person is sitting in one seat.

i)                    J is sitting neither in seat 1 nor in seat 6.

ii)                  N is not sitting next to L. iii)         N is not sitting next to K. iv)         O is sitting to the immediate left of N.

Questions 1 to 6:

1  – Which of the following seating arrangements, given in order from seat 1 to 6, is acceptable?

A)    L, M, K, O, N, J

B)    L, J, M, O, N, K

C)    L, N,O, J, M, K

D)    K, J, L, O, M, N

E)     M, K, O, N, J, L

2  – All of the following seating arrangements, given in order from 1 to 6, are acceptable EXCEPT:

A)    M, J, L, K, O, N

B)    K, J, O, N, M, L

C)    K, O, N, J, M, L

D)    L, O, N, J, K, M

E)     K, J, O, N, L, M

3  – If L is in seat 1 and K is in seat 5, which of the following must be true?

A)    J is in seat 2

B)    M is in seat 3

C)    N is in seat 4

D)    O is in seat 4

E)     M is in seat 6

4  – If M and O are in seats 2 and 3 respectively, which of the following must be true?

A)    J is in seat 5

B)    K is in seat 3

C)    L is in seat 1

D)    L is in seat 6

E)     N is in seat 5

5  – If K and L are separated by exactly three seats, what is the maximum number of different arrangements in which the six people could be seated?

A)    1

B)    2

C)    3

D)    4

E)     5

6  – If K is in seat 2, which of the following is a complete and accurate listing of the seats which O could occupy?

A)    1

B)    3

C)    3 and 4

D)    1, 3 and 4

E)     3, 4 and 5

Solution

First of all we will summarize our initial conditions either as per methods given in many books or by our own developed signs.

i)    J ≠ (1 v 6) ii)    N ≠ L iii)       N ≠ K iv)         O —> N

Ab hum ye dekhain gay k kaya hum initial conditions ko use kartay hoye further conclusions nikaal saktay hain ya nahein.

G han hum yahan say further conclusions nikaal saktay hain. Hum in conditions ko use kartay hovay kai possible seating arrangements nikaal saktay hain lekin is kaam main kafi zayada time lag jaye ga is liye filhaal hum further conclusions ko chor kar agay move karain gay. Pehlay main sab questions k just answer don ga aur aap b inko pehlay khud hal kar k dekhain k kaya aap k answer nechay diye gaye answers k sath tally kartay hain ya nahein. Us k baad in answers ki main explanation don ga.

Answers

1  – E

2  – E

3  – E

4  – A

5  – D

6  – E

Explanations Question – 1

Which of the following seating arrangements, given in order from seat 1 to 6, is acceptable?

A)    L, M, K, O, N, J

B)    L, J, M, O, N, K

C)    L, N,O, J, M, K

D)    K, J, L, O, M, N

E)     M, K, O, N, J, L

Explanatory Answer

Is par hum wohi “Choice Elimination Method” use karain gay.

Aur main isko “Elimination of Choices by using Initial Conditions” solve karon ga.

Is method main hum bari bari kar k aik aik initial condition pakrain gay aur usay tamam options par apply karain gay. Jo rule kisi b option par satisfy nahein hoga wo choice hum eliminate kar dain gay. Is tara end par hamaray pas sirf aik he option bachay ge jis par tamam rules apply hon gay aur wohi hamara answer hoga.  Let us check Condition i:

•      Not Satisfied with Option A

•      Satisfied with Option B

•      Satisfied with Option C

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Satisfied with Option E

Condition i k mutabiq J 1^st ya 6^th seat par nahein ho sakta jab k option A main J 6^th seat par hai. Is liye option A yaheen par eliminate ho jaye ge

Let us check Condition ii:

•      Option A is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Satisfied with Option B

•      Not Satisfied with Option C

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Satisfied with Option E

Condition ii main bara clear likha hova hai k N, L k sath nahein bethay ga. Jab k option C main N aur L ekathay bethay hoye hain so, option C is also eliminated.

Let us check Condition iii:

•      Option A is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Not Satisfied with Option B

•      Option C is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Satisfied with Option E

Condition iii main likha hova hai k N aur K aik sath nahein bethain gay. Jab k option B main N aur K ekathay bethay hoye hain so, option B is eliminated as well.

Let us check Condition iv:

•      Option A is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Option B is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Option C is already eliminated so no need to check

•      Not Satisfied with Option D

•      Satisfied with Option E

Condition iv kehti hai k O hamesha N k foran left side par aaye ga jab k option D main aisa nahein hai. So, after testing all initial conditions on Answering options, only E is left which satisfies all given initial conditions. So, right answer is E.

Precautionary Note: Agar choice elimination method k baad aap k paas aik say zayada answering options aa rahi hain to iska matlab hai k aap koi chez overlook kar gaye hain. Aur agar koi b choice nahein aa rahi to iska matlab hai k aap nay summarize kartay waqt koi condition galat interpret kar de hai. So, be careful.

Question – 2

All of the following seating arrangements, given in order from 1 to 6, are acceptable EXCEPT:

A)    M, J, L, K, O, N

B)    K, J, O, N, M, L

C)    K, O, N, J, M, L

D)    L, O, N, J, K, M

E)     K, J, O, N, L, M

Explanatory Answer

Jab b aap question ko parhain to ye zaror dekhain k akhar hum say pocha kaya gaya hai. Jesa k is question main 5 arrangements de gai hain aur pocha gaya hai k kon c arrangement thek nahein hai. To iska matlab ye hoa k hamari de gai conditions question main de gai 4 options ko completely satisfy karain ge aur sirf aik option aisi ho ge jis par koi na koi condition violate ho ge.

Again ye question b “Choice Elimination Method” say ho jaye ga. Aur main isko b “Elimination of Choices by using Initial Conditions” solve karon ga.

Let us check Condition i:

•      Satisfied with Option A

•      Satisfied with Option B

•      Satisfied with Option C

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Satisfied with Option E

Kisi b option main J na to 1^st position par hai aur na he 6^th par. Iska matlab hai k pehli condition to sab he options ko satisfy kar rai hai so now we will move towards another option. 

Let us check Condition ii:

•      Satisfied with Option A

•      Satisfied with Option B

•      Satisfied with Option C

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Not Satisfied with Option E

Option E main N aur L ekathay bethay hain jo hamari condition ki violation hai. Question main jo chez pochi gait hi hamain us ka answer mil gaya hai k Option E ki arrangement acceptable nahein ho ge.

Agar aap chahain to yaheen par ye question chor kar next question ki taraf move kar saktay hain lekin main apko suggest karon ga k aap baqi dono conditions b lazmi check kar lain ta k apko pata chal jaye k aap nay kahein koi galiti to nahein ki.

Let us check Condition iii:

•      Satisfied with Option A

•      Satisfied with Option B

•      Satisfied with Option C

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Option E is already eliminated so no need to check

Condition iii b pehli 4 options par fully satisfied hai.

Let us check Condition iv:

•      Satisfied with Option A

•      Satisfied with Option B

•      Satisfied with Option C

•      Satisfied with Option D

•      Option E is already eliminated so no need to check

Condition iii b pehli 4 options par fully satisfied hai. Iska matlab k hum nay question main koi galti nahein ki hai. Sirf option E aik aisi arrangement hai jis par condition violate hoti hai so our Answe is Option E.

Question – 3

If L is in seat 1 and K is in seat 5, which of the following must be true?

A)    J is in seat 2

B)    M is in seat 3

C)    N is in seat 4

D)    O is in seat 4

E)     M is in seat 6

Explanatory Answer

Ye question tricky hai q k is main 2 extra conditions de hoi hain. Aur main nay part 1 main explain kiya tha k agar kisi question main koi extra condition ho to wo sirf usi question k liye valid hoti hai aur agar extra condition kisi b initial condition k sath contradict kar rahi ho to wo initial condition sirf is aik question k liye invalid ho ge.

Chalain hum zara dekh he lete hain k kaya koi initial condition extra condition k sath contradict to nahein kar rahi

Initial Conditions

i)    J ≠ (1 v 6) ii)    N ≠ L iii)       N ≠ K iv)         O —> N

Extra Conditions given in question number 3

a)      L = 1

b)      K = 5

Oper de gai conditions say clear hai k koi b extra condition initial condition k sath contradict nahein kar rahi. Is liye question 3 ko solve karnay k liye hum ye sari 6 ki 6 conditions ko use karain gay.

Ab atay he sawal ki taraf to hum say “MUST BE TRUE” pocha gaya hai. Is question ko solve karnay k liye hamain dekhna paray ga k de gai conditions say kitnay possible seating arrangements ban saktay hain. All possible seating arrangements with Initial conditions and Extra conditions are given below,

According to extra conditions, L 1^st seat par hoga aur K 5^th seat par hoga.

1          2          3          4          5          6

L                                             K

Ab Initial condition i ko dekhain to hamain ye zaror pata chalta hai k J 1^st ya 6^th par nahein aaye ga. To iska matlab J 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th ya 5^th par aaye ga. Lekin 5^th par to K aa chukka hai to it means J ab 2^nd, 3^rd ya 4^th par aaye ga lekin clear nahein hai k kis par aaye ga. Is liye waqt tor par hum is condition ko chor kar agay move karain gay.

Ab initial condition ii kehti hai N aur L ekathay nahein aa saktay isi tara initial condition iii kehti hai k N aur K ekathay nahein aa saktay. Yahan say ye pata chalta hai k hum N ko 2^nd, 4^th aur 6^th seat par nahein bitha saktay to phir sirf 3^rd seat he bachti hai jahan N beth sakta hai. So,

1          2          3          4          5          6

L                     N                     K

Initial condition iv k hisaab say O hamesha N k left main hona chahiye, so,

1          2          3          4          5          6

L         O         N                     K

Ab first initial condition k hisab say J 6^th par nahein hoga, so

1          2          3          4          5          6

L         O         N         J          K

Ab aik he student bacha hai lehaza last seat usay mil jaye ge

1          2          3          4          5          6

L         O         N         J          K         M

Oper jo seating arrangement de gai hai given conditions k hisaab say sirf yehe 1 possible arrangement hai.

Ab hum apni answering options ko bari bari is arrangement say compare karain gay.

Option A: False, q k oper de gai arrangement main J to 4^th par hai.

Option B: False, q k oper de gai arrangement main M to 6^th seat par hai.

Option C: False, q k oper de gai arrangement main N to 3^rd seat par hai.

Option D: False, q k oper de gai arrangement main O 2^nd seat par hai.

Option E: True, M waqai oper de gai arrangement main 6^th seat par hai.

So, our correct answer is option E.

Question – 4

If M and O are in seats 2 and 3 respectively, which of the following must be true?

A)    J is in seat 5

B)    K is in seat 3

C)    L is in seat 1

D)    L is in seat 6

E)     N is in seat 5

Explanatory Answer

Ab is question main b 2 extra conditions de hoi hain. Aur isko b hum pichlay question ki tara apni initial conditions say compare karain gay.

Chalain hum zara dekh he lete hain k kaya koi initial condition extra condition k sath contradict to nahein kar rahi

Initial Conditions

v)   J ≠ (1 v 6) vi)   N ≠ L vii)       N ≠ K viii)       O —> N

Extra Conditions given in question number 3

c)      M = 2

d)     O = 3

Oper de gai conditions say clear hai k koi b extra condition initial condition k sath contradict nahein kar rahi. Is liye question 3 ko solve karnay k liye hum ye sari 6 ki 6 conditions ko use karain gay.

Ab atay he sawal ki taraf to hum say “MUST BE TRUE” pocha gaya hai. Is question ko solve karnay k liye hamain dekhna paray ga k de gai conditions say kitnay possible seating arrangements ban saktay hain. All possible seating arrangements with Initial conditions and Extra conditions are given below,

According to extra conditions, L 1^st seat par hoga aur K 5^th seat par hoga.

1          2          3          4          5          6

            M        O

According to Initial condition iv, O hamesha N k left main hoga, so,

1          2          3          4          5          6

            M        O         N

According to Initial condition i, J 1^st aur 6^th par nahein aaye ga aur oper wali arrangement main J k liye sirf aik he seat bachti hai aur wo hai 5^th seat.

1          2          3          4          5          6

            M        O         N         J

According to initial condition ii and iii, K aur L kabi b N k sath nahein hon gay, lehaza 1^st aur 6^th main hum jahan b K ya L ko rakh lain koi b condition violate nahein ho ge. It means hamari 2 arrangements possible ho jayein ge is question main jo main nay nechay likh de hain.

1          2          3          4          5          6

K         M        O         N         J          L

L          M        O         N         J          K

Oper jo 2 seating arrangements nikli hain ab hum apni answering options ko is k sath compare karain gay.

 Option A: True, q k oper de gai arrangement main J to 5^th par hai.

Option B: False, q k oper de gai arrangement main K ya to 1^st par hai aur ya to 6^th seat par hai.

Option C: May be, q k oper de gai 1 arrangement main L 1^st par aa to raha hai lekin dosri arrangement main L 6^th par aa raha hai.

Option D: May be, q k oper de gai 1 arrangement main L 6^th par aa to raha hai lekin dosri arrangement main L 1^st par aa raha hai.

Option E: False, q k oper de gai dono arrangements main N 4^th seat par hai.

An yahan par masla ye hai k answer kaya hai. Hamain lagay ga k A b answer hai C b answer hai D b answer hai. Lekin answer to sirf 1 he hona chahiye. It means we are overlooking something.

Lekin Kaya . . .

Zara question dobara parhain hum say pocha gaya tha “MUST BE TRUE”

It means aisa answer jo har possible arrangement main true ho. Option C aur D ka answer aik arrangement main to true ho sakta hai magar dosri arrangement main galat hai. Jab k Option A dono arrangement main true result day rahi hai,

So, our correct answer is option A.

Question – 5

If K and L are separated by exactly three seats, what is the maximum number of different arrangements in which the six people could be seated?

A)    1

B)    2

C)    3

D)    4

E)     5

Explanatory Answer

Ab is question main b extra condition day de gai hai jo hamari initial condition say contradict nahein kar rahi.

Is question main hum say pocha gaya hai “COULD BE”. Iska matlab hai k answer tamam possible solutions hon gay. Now, let us move towards its solution

According to given extra condition, K aur L k darmayan 3 seats ka difference hona chaiye. Is condition say hum dekh lete hain k kitnay possible seating arrangement ban saktay hain.

1          2          3          4          5          6

L                                             K

 L    K K    L

            K                                             L

Given extra condition nay hamain 4 possible arrangement diye hain. Lekin ab hum in par Initial condition apply kar k dekhain gay k 4 ki 4 arrangements pori hoti b hain k nahein

Ab Initial condition iv k mutabiq

1          2          3          4          5          6

L         O         N                     K

            L         O         N                     K

K         O         N                     L

            K         O         N                     L

Ab condition i k mutabiq

1          2          3          4          5          6

L         O         N         J          K

            L         O         N         J          K

K         O         N         J          L

            K         O         N         J          L

Ab aik he student bacha hai lehaza wo last vacant seat par aa jaye ga

1          2          3          4          5          6

L         O         N         J          K         M

M        L         O         N         J          K

K         O         N         J          L          M

M        K         O         N         J          L

Oper diye gaye charo arrangements hamari tamam initial plus extra conditions ko satisfy karti hain.

So, correct answer is option D

Question- 6

If K is in seat 2, which of the following is a complete and accurate listing of the seats which O could occupy?

A)    1

B)    3

C)    3 and 4

D)    1, 3 and 4

E)     3, 4 and 5

Explanatory Answer

One more question with an extra condition asking us about “COULD BE”. So, all possible arrangements with different placement of O will be our solution.

According to given extra condition

1          2          3          4          5          6

            K

According to Initial condition iv O hamesha N k immediate left main hoga. Iska matlab hai k O ko hum 1^st aur 6^th par nahein rakh saktay. Is k elawa har jaga yani 3^rd, 4^th aur 5^th par aa sakta hai.

Now let us check these possible arrangements with placing O at number 3, 4 and 5.

1          2          3          4          5          6

            K         O         N                      

            K                     O         N          

            K                                 O         N

So, our correct answer is option E.

Problem Statement – Scattered Ordering

Six individuals P, Q, R, S, T and U live in a five story building flats. Each person lives on one of the floors in the building.

I)                   Exactly one of the six lives on the first floor.

II)                Exactly one of them lives on the fourth floor.

III)             At least two of them lived on the second floor.

IV)             P lives on the highest floor.

V)                No one lives on the same floor as P.

VI)             Q does not live on the first floor or on the second floor.

VII)          Neither R nor S lives on the second floor.

Questions 7 to 9:

7  – All of the following must be true EXCEPT

A)    Exactly two persons live on the second floor

B)    At most, one person lives on fifth floor

C)    At least one person lives on fifth floor

D)    At least one person lives on third floor

E)     P does not live on second floor

8  – Which of the following could be true?

A)    Either Q or R lives on the third floor

B)    T and U do not live on the second floor

C)    T and U live on the third floor

D)    T lives on the first floor

E)     U lives on the fourth floor

9  – If P lives on a floor directly above the floor on which R lives, then which of the following must be true?

A)    R lives on a higher floor than Q

B)    R and Q live on the same floor

C)    T and U live on the different floor

D)    Q lives on the third floor

E)     S lives on the second floor

Solution

In this question we will summarize initial conditions with symbols as well as with graphical representation.

Summarization of initial conditions with the help of symbols

I)                   Floor 1 = 1 person only

II)                Floor 4 = 1 person only

III)             Floor 2 ≥ 2 persons

IV)             Highest Floor = P only

V)                P ≠ Q v R v S v T v U

VI)             Q ≠ Floor 1 v Floor 2 VII)            R v S ≠ Floor 2

Important Note: Yaad rakhiye ga k aap Scattered Order ka question solve kar rahay hain. So, it is not compulsory k tamam floors par koi n koi rahay.

Summarization of initial conditions with the help of graph

Number of Floor	Persons
5
4	Exactly One
3
2	At least Two, Not Q, Not R, Not S
1	Exactly 1, Not Q

Important Note: Zarori nahein k initial conditions hamesha symbols say he represent hon. Hum graph b use kar saktay hain aur bul k agar zarorat paray to hum symbols aur graph dono ko apnay method main use kar sakty hain.

Further conclusions

Kaya hum yahan say further conclusions nikaal saktay hain? G han bilkul hum nikaal saktay hain. Aur yahan par further conclusions ye hain.

Q k ye Scattered Order ka question hai to is liye ye zarori nahein hai highest floor 5^th he hoga jis main P rehta hoga. Q k ho sakta hai k 5^th Floor main koi b na rahay. So make it sure k P 5^th main ho b sakta hai aur 4^th main b.

Aik aur chez hum initial condition say nikaal saktay hain k q k diya gaya hai k floor 2 par kam az kam 2 log rahain gay. Aur ye b diya gaya hai k wo na to Q hoga na R hoga aur na he S hoga. Aur jahan tak baat hai P ki to wo 2^nd par aa he nai sakta Q k us nay highest floor per rehna hai. To iska matlab hai k phir 2^nd Floor par T aur U he rahain gay.

Number of Floor	Persons
5
4	Exactly One
3
2	Exactly Two, T and U
1	Exactly 1, Not Q

Ab ye further conclusions b hamain questions ko solve karnay main help karain gay.

Answers

7  – C

8  – A

9  – D

Explanations

Question – 7

All of the following must be true EXCEPT

A)    Exactly two persons live on the second floor

B)    At most, one person lives on fifth floor

C)    At least one person lives on fifth floor

D)    At least one person lives on third floor

E)     P does not live on second floor

Explanatory Answer

“MUST BE TRUE” wala question hai to ap ye to samaj he gaye hon gay karna kaya hai. Is main pocha gaya hai k kon c choice thek nahein hai. Hamain koi extra condition nahein de gai to hum wohi apna all time favorite choice elimination method use karain gay. Lekin is dafa main choice elimination method ko apnay dono graphs k sath compare karon ga.

Option A: True, q k hamara further conclusion wala table ye zahar karta hai k waqai 2^nd floor par sirf 2 he persons rehtay hain

Option B: True, q k highest floor par sirf P he ho sakta hai aur P k sath koi b nahein aa sakta lehaza 5^th par zayada say zayada 1 he banda ho sakta hai.

Option C: False, 5^th highest floor hai jahan par sirf P aa sakta hai aur P k sath koi b nahein reh sakta to wahan par zayada say zayada 1 banda reh sakta hai.

Option D: True, q k agar P 5^th main aata hai to de hoi conditions k mutabiq aik person 4^th par b rahay ga. Aik person 1^st par rahay ga aur do 2^nd par rahain gay. To phir jo aik banda bacha wo zahri baat hai 3^rd floor par rahay ga.

Option E: True, q k highest floor jahan P rahay ga wo ya to 4^th hai ya 5^th hai.

So, our correct choice is Option C.

Question – 8

Which of the following could be true?

A)    Either Q or R lives on the third floor

B)    T and U do not live on the second floor

C)    T and U live on the third floor

D)    T lives on the first floor

E)     U lives on the fourth floor

Explanatory Answer

Contrarily to question number 7, is question main hum say pocha gaya hai de gai options main say “What Could be True”

So let us compare our options with our tables developed by Initial Conditions and Further Conclusions.

Option A: True, De hoi conditions k hisab say 3^rd par waqai ya to Q aa sakta hai ya R aa sakta hai ya phir dono b aa saktay hain.

Option B: False, q k hamara further conclusion wala table ye bara clear batata hai k T aur U dono he 2^nd Floor par hon gay.

Option C: False, same logic jo abi oper de hai.

Option D: False, q k as per Further Conclusion table, T lives on 2^nd Floor Option E: False, q k as per Further Conclusion table, U lives on 2^nd Floor

So, correct answer is Option A.

Question – 9

If P lives on a floor directly above the floor on which R lives, then which of the following must be true?

A)    R lives on a higher floor than Q

B)    R and Q live on the same floor

C)    T and U live on the different floor

D)    Q lives on the third floor

E)     S lives on the second floor

Explanatory Answer

Hamain is question main aik extra condition de gai hai aur hum say pocha gaya hai k which “MUST BE TRUE”.

Pehlay hum zara dekh lete hain k hum R ko kahan place kar saktay hain.

Number of Floor	Persons		Number of Floor	Persons
5			5	P
4	P		4	R
3	R		3
2	T and U		2	T and U
1			1

Iski sirf 2 he possible places hain. Q k hamain pata hai k highest floor par P aye ga. To P ya to 5^th main ho ga ya 4^th main. Lekin agar P ko 4^th main rakhain to Baqi saray log 1^st ya 3^rd Floor par rakhnay parain gay lekin Q first par nahein aa sakta. Lehaza Q ko hum dono tables main 3^rd Floor par he rakhain gay. Aur 1 person pehlay floor par hona b zarori hai. Dono possible arrangements nechay de gai hain.

Number of Floor	Persons		Number of Floor	Persons
5			5	P
4	P		4	R
3	R and Q		3	Q
2	T and U		2	T and U
1	S		1	S

Ab hum is table ko apni options k sath compare karain gay.

Option A: May be, q k left table main R aur Q aik he floor par hain jab k right walay table main R, Q say oper hoga. So this is not our answer q k hum nay must be true find karna hai.

Option B: May be, q k left table main R aur Q aik he floor par hain jab k right walay table main R, Q say oper hoga. So this is not our answer q k hum nay must be true find karna hai.

Option C: False, q k as per both tables T and U lives on the same floor.

Option D: True, as per both tables Q is placed in 3^rd Floor.

Option E: False, q k both tables main S 1^st floor par hai.

So, our correct answer is Option D.

Part 4 

Part 3 main hum nay dekha tha k Analytical Reasoning k questions ki kitni categories ho sakti hain. Aur un main say hum nay pehli 2 categories ko aik example lay kar explain b kiya tha. In part 4 main mazeed agli aik category ki aik  example ko solve karon gay. So, is part main main nay ye discuss kiya hai.

 Suitable Selection Analytical Problems with solved example

Part 5 main main baqi tamam categories ko discuss karon ga. Lekin agay barhnay say pehlay main apko batana chahon ga k Analytical Reasoning Problems ko solve karnay k liye jo concepts main nay part 1 aur part 2 main explain kiye hain apki un par command hona zarori hai. Q k baqi 3 parts main main nay har category k questions ko solve kiya hai aur method main nay pehlay 2 parts main say he use kiye hain. Aur agar apko pehlay 2 parts clear hain to believe me you can almost solve any kind of Analytical Reasoning Problem, but, with one condition aur wo hai PRACTICE. With practice aap is section main maximum score kar saktay hain.

DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF ANALYTICAL REASONING PROBLEMS

Pehlay main zara apko remind karva don k kal jo main nay different categories k name apko bataye thay wo ye thay.

1.      Straight Order

2.      Scattered Order

3.      Suitable Selections

4.      Table Seating Arrangements

a.       Circular Table Arrangements

b.      Rectangular Table Arrangements

5.      Comparison Problems

6.      Networking Problems

7.      Matrix Problems

8.      Relationship Problems

Aaj hum in may say category number 3 ko discuss karain gay.

3) Suitable Selections

Suitable Selection category k questions main normally 2 ya 3 set diye hotay hain jin k darmayan hamain de gai conditions k hisab say selection karni hoti hai. Yani hamain aik baray group main say selection karni hoti hai. Normally in questions main is tara ki statements hoti hain.

•      To form a committee of 6 people you will choose people from the group of teachers, students and parents

•      To make a dish you have to choose ingredients from 2 combinations

•      To make a football team you have to choose players from 3 different clubs etc . . .

Personally mujay is category k question sab say zayada tricky lagtay hain q k jab aap nay aik combination bananay k liye 3 groups main say selection karni hoti hai to aik choti c mistake say apka sara question galat ho jata hai aur apka dher sara time zaya ho jata hai. Aur ye sab say zayada time taking problems hotay hain. Lekin iska ye matlab nahein k solve nahein hotay. Agar ap initial condition ko thek tara interpret kar lete hain to beshak ye time consuming hai lekin phir b solve lazmi ho jatay hain. 

Important Note: Analytical Problems chahay kisi b category k hon agar hum wo tamam basic rules aur precautions ko follow karain jo pehlay 2 parts main explain ki gai hain to ap har type k questions ko easily solve kar lain gay.

Now let us solve one question of Suitable Selection.

 Problem Statement – Suitable Selection:

The president of a college wants to make a discipline committee by choosing members from a group of 3 faculty members P, S and R, four administrative members T, U, V and W and 3 students X, Y and Z according to conditions given below,

i) The committee will consist of seven members only ii) There must be at least as many faculty members on the committee as there are students

iii) Number of students may be zero iv)   P and Z cannot be selected together

v)   T is selected, If and only if U is selected vi) If V is selected then W will also be selected

Questions 10 to 12:

10  – Which of the following must be true of the committee?

A)    Number of students cannot be greater than number of Administrators

B)    T & W both cannot be selected together

C)    All three faculty members cannot be selected in committee

D)    T & U must be selected

E)     V & W must be selected

11  – If exactly two faculty members and exactly two students are included in committee then which of the following must be true?

A)    Z in not selected

B)    W is selected

C)    X is selected

D)    Y is selected E) S is selected

12  – If both V and W are selected for the committee, then which of the following must be true?

A)    Neither X nor W is selected

B)    Neither X nor Y is selected

C)    Both X and T are selected

D)    Both Y and U are selected

E)     V & X or V & Y is selected

Solution

Main nay kaha tha na k ye question bohat tricky hotay hain a bap nay b dekh liya hoga k 3 different groups day diye hain aur un main say hum nay suitable selection karni hai. Ab zara pehlay hum initial conditions ko summarize kar lete hain

i)                    No. of Members in Committee = 7

Teno groups ko members ko mila kar total 10 members bantay hain jin main say pehli condition k mutabiq hum sirf 7 log select kar saktay hain.

ii)                  No. of Faculty Member ≥ No. of Students

Yani committee main kam az kam itnay faculty member lazmi hon gay jitney student hai. Aur Faculty member student say zayada b ho saktay hain. iii) No. of students ≥ 0

Is condition main kaha gaya tha k student MAY BE ZERO. Yani zero ho saktay hain lekin iska ye hargiz matlab nahein hai k zero he hon gay.

iv)                P ≠ Z

Yani P aur Z ekathay kaam nahein kar saktay

v)                  T ≡ U

If and only if ka matlab hai k agar T hoga to U b hoga aur agar U hoga to T be hoga. Yani dono ekathay he select hon gay

vi)                V ⊃ W

Ab main zara in tamam initial conditions ki representation ko aik he jaga par ekatha likh deta hon

i)    No. of Members in Committee = 7 ii)             No. of Faculty Member ≥ No. of Students iii)     No. of students ≥ 0 iv) P ≠ Z

v)   T ≡ U vi)         V ⊃ W

Ab hum ye dekhain gay k kaya hum initial conditions ko use kartay hoye further conclusions nikaal saktay hain ya nahein. Kher muj say to koi further conclusion nahein nikla. But again it doesn’t mean k koi b nahein nikal saktay . . .

Answers

10  – A

11  – B

12  – B

Explanations

Question – 10

Which of the following must be true of the committee?

A)    Number of students cannot be greater than number of Administrators

B)    T & W both cannot be selected together

C)    All three faculty members cannot be selected in committee

D)    T & U must be selected

E)     V & W must be selected

Explanatory Answer

MUST BE TRUE wala question so you know very well that what we are looking for.

Option A: True, q k as per initial condition no iv, P aur Z kabi ekathay nahein aa saktay aur phir as per initial condition no. ii, committee main kam az kam itnay faculty members to honay chahiye jitney students hon. Is logic say committee main maximum 2 student select kiye ja saktay hain. Aur 2 students hain to phir faculty member kam az kam aur zayada say zayada 3 hon gay. Aur q k total group members 7 hain to administrators b kam say kam 2 aur zayada say zayada 3 hon gay. To ye confirm hai k number of student zayda ho he nahein saktay number of administrative say.

Option B: May be, T aur W ki koi initial condition nahein de gai hai so ye dono ho b saktay hain aur nahein b

Option C: May be, Again 3 faculty b ho saktay hain aur 2 say b group ban sakta hai.

Option D: False, Dono ko select kiye bagair b group create ho sakta hai

Option E: False, Dono ko select kiye bagair b group create ho sakta hai.

So, the correct answer is Option A

Question – 11

If exactly two faculty members and exactly two students are included in committee then which of the following must be true?

A)    Z in not selected

B)    W is selected

C)    X is selected

D)    Y is selected

E)     S is selected

Explanatory Answer

Extra condition say ye pata chalta hai k group main 2 faculty members aur 2 student hon gay.

Iska matlab hai k baqi 3 log Administration main say hon gay. Again question “Must be True” ka hai. Now let us check our options

Option A: May be, q k sirf 2 students lene hain to Z ko liya b ja sakta hai aur nahein b.

Option B: True, hamain extra condition say pata chalta hai k Administration say 3 log hon gay. To T & U dono lazmi ayein gay. Aur V ko hum nahein lay saktay q k V liye to W b lena paray ga aur 3 sy zayada hum lay nahein saktay. Lekin agar hum W lain to as per initial condition no. iv V ko lena lazmi nahein hai so 3^rd Administrator will always be W.

Option C: May be, q k sirf 2 students lene hain to X ko liya b ja sakta hai aur nahein b.

Option D: May be, again sirf 2 students lene hain to Y ko liya b ja sakta hai aur nahein b.

Option E: May be, q k sirf 2 Faculty Member lene hain to S ko liya b ja sakta hai aur nahein b.

So, the correct answer option is B

Question – 12

If both V and W are selected for the committee, then which of the following must be true?

A)    Neither X nor W is selected

B)    Neither X nor Y is selected

C)    Both X and T are selected

D)    Both Y and U are selected

E)     V & X or V & Y is selected

Explanatory Answer

Again extra condition with Must be True question. Possible arrangement is given below. Let us check our options

Possible Arrangement            V         Z          W        S          R          T          U

Option A: False, q k V select kiya gaya hai to phir as per initial condition no iv hamain W ko b har baar select karna paray ga.

Option B: True, q k agar V select hoa hai to W b hoga. Aur agar Z select hoa hai to kam az kam

1 faculty member lazmi select ho ga. Is tara total 4 members ban jatay hain. Ab 3 reh gaye hain. Agar hum air aur student X ya Y lete hain to hamain aik aur faculty member b lena paray ga. Is tara 6 ho jayein gay. Phir 7^th member ya T lena paray ga ya U. Jab k dono separate nahein aa saktay. Is liye hum 2^nd student nahein lain gay.

Option C: False, q k oper Option B main hum nay clear kar diya hai k hum sirf 1 he student lain gay aur wo b jo extra condition main mention hai. Yani Z. To phir X to aa he nai sakta.

Option D: False, q k oper Option B main hum nay clear kar diya hai k hum sirf 1 he student lain gay aur wo b jo extra condition main mention hai. Yani Z. To phir Y to aa he nai sakta.

Option E: False, q k oper Option B main hum nay clear kar diya hai k hum sirf 1 he student lain gay aur wo b jo extra condition main mention hai. Yani Z. To phir X ya Y to aa he nai sakta.

So, our correct answer is option B.

Important Note: Meri aap sab say request hai k main techniques first 2 parts main explain kar de gai hain aur 3 categories ki examples b discuss kar de gai hain. Final part main baqi categories ki sirf 1, 1 example discuss ki gai hai. Aap bajaye final part ka wait karnay k apni practice jari rakhiye ga.

Part 5

At last with the grace of Allah, I am representing the last part of short notes series. It is unbelievable for me that at last I have done it. I am also thankful to all group members who encouraged me to keep writing.  

Ye sab say lengthy part hai lekin is k pages k number dekh kar tension mat le jiye ga q k is main 5 categories k 1, 1 example ko discuss kiya gaya. Is main main ne ye chezain cover ki hain.  

• Table Seating Arrangement Problems with solved example 

• Comparison Problems with solved example 

• Networking Problems with solved example 

• Matrix Problems with solved example 

• Relationships Problems with solved example 

In last but not least, I will say same thing . . . Key to Success to solve Analytical Problems is PRACTICE. With practice you can answer all questions correctly. 

Important Note: Q k ye part bohat lengthy hai aut time b short hai is liye main nay examples k explanatory answers dene ki bajaye hints and answers diye hain. Baqi aap inko pehlay 2 parts main de gai techniques ko use kar k easily solve kar saktay hain. 

DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF ANALYTICAL REASONING PROBLEMS 

Pehlay main zara apko remind karva don k different categories k name ye hain. 

1. Straight Order 

2. Scattered Order 

3. Suitable Selections 

4. Table Seating Arrangements 

a. Circular Table Arrangements 

b. Rectangular Table Arrangements 

5. Comparison Problems 

6. Networking Problems 

7. Matrix Problems 

8. Relationship Problems 

In main say pehli 3 categories ko main nay Part 3 aur Part 4 main explain kar diya hai. Ab is last main hum baqi sari types ko discuss kar lain gay. 

4) Table Seating Arrangements 

As per my information har GAT k test main at least 1 question table k relevant zaror hota hai. Table seating arrangement k questions normally 2 tara k hotay hain. Rectangle table aur Round table. Dono types k questions hum unhi basics ko follow kar k solve karain gay jo hum part 1 aur part 2 main discuss kar chukhay hain. Is type k questions mostly is tara start hotay hain. 

• Six people sitting around a circular table 

• 8 people sitting around a rectangle table etc 

Ab zara hum dono types k baray main kuch faraq dekh lete hain. 

Rectangle Table Problems Circular Table Problems 

Ye Circular Table Problems ki nisbat easy hotay hain Ye Rectangle Table Problems ki nisbat tough hotay hain 

Is may seating arrangement ka starting point easily define kiya ja sakta hai. K left side say karain ya right side say Is main seating arrangement ka starting point define nahein kiya ja sakta q k table round hota hai to jahan say marzi start kar saktay hain 

Easy to make arrangement q k hum aik table k 4 protions kar k dekh saktay hain k kon kahan aaye ga Difficult to make arrangement q k hum table ko divide nahein kar saktay 

Example: 8 Peoples seating around a rectangle table . . . Example: 6 Peoples seating around a circular table . . . 

  

Important Note: Analytical Problems chahay kisi b category k hon agar hum wo tamam basic rules aur precautions ko follow karain jo pehlay 2 parts main explain ki gai hain to ap har type k questions ko easily solve kar lain gay. 

Now let us solve one question of Rectangle Table Seating Arrangement 

 Problem Statement – Rectangle Table Seating Arrangement: 

Ten persons will sit around a table. The ten persons will be seated in two rows of five chairs that face each other along the two long sides of the rectangular table. The chairs are numbered consecutively from 1 to 10 with chairs 1 through 5 on one side of the table and chairs 6 through 10 on the other side, with chair 6 opposite chair 5. Five of the ten persons are men— F, G, H, J, and L—and five of the persons are women—M, R. S, T, and Y. The seating is governed by following rules: 

I) On each long side of the table, no more than two consecutive chairs can be occupied by men. 

II) T cannot sit beside H. 

III) F cannot sit beside G. 

IV) M must sit beside R. V) H must sit beside J. 

Questions 13 to 17 

13 – Which of the following can be the arrangement of people in chairs 1 through 5 ? 

Chair 1 Chair 2 Chair 3 Chair 4 Chair 5 

A) F H J M R 

B) F G M T L 

C) L M R J H 

D) M G R Y L 

E) S F T H J 

14 – If J is in chair 7, H is in chair 8, and F is in chair 10, which of the following can be in chair 9? 

A) L 

B) M 

C) R 

D) T 

E) Y 

15 – If G, Y, and J are in chairs I through 3, respectively, which of the following must be in chair 5? 

A) F 

B) L 

C) R 

D) S 

E) T 

16 – If T, S, F, L, and Y are in chairs 1 through 5, respectively, then G must be either in chair 

A) 6 or in chair 8 

B) 6 or in chair 10 

C) 7 or in chair 10 

D) 8 or in chair 9 

E) 8 or in chair 10 

17 – If as many women as possible are seated on the side that has chairs numbered 1 through 5, which of the following statements must be true? A) Chair 3 is occupied by a man. 

B) Chair 8 is occupied by a woman. 

C) Chairs 1 and 2 are each occupied by a woman. 

D) Chairs 4 and 5 are each occupied by a woman. 

E) Chairs 5 and 6 are each occupied by a woman. 

Solution 

Due to shortage of time I am just providing hints to solution and answers. So try yourself. 

Summarizing of statement and Initial conditions are given below, 

Two Row of five Chairs 

Men   F   G H J L 

Women   M   R   S   T   Y 

Rules 

Rule I, Men cannot sit on more than two consecutive Chairs 

Rule II, T ≠ H ± 1 

Rule III, F ≠ G ± 1 

Rule IV, M = R ± 1 

Rule V, H =J ± 1 

Answers 

13 – C 

14 – E 

15 – D 

16 – B 

17 – B 

Hints 

Question – 13 

Which of the following can be the arrangement of people in chairs 1 through 5? 

Chair 1 Chair 2 Chair 3 Chair 4 Chair 5 

A) F H J M R 

B) F G M T L 

C) L M R J H 

D) M G R Y L 

E) S F T H J 

Answer with Hints 

1st Step: Check Rule I:   A is wrong 

2nd Step: Check Rule II: E is wrong 

3rd Step: Check Rule III: B is wrong 

4th Step: Check Rule IV: D is wrong 

So, the correct answer is Option C 

Question – 14 

If J is in chair 7, H is in chair 8, and F is in chair 10, which of the following can be in chair 9? 

A) L 

B) M 

C) R 

D) T 

E) Y 

Answer with Hints 

6 7 8 9 10 

As question   J H F 

As Rule I, G & L cannot sit, 

As Rule II, T ≠ H ± 1, so T cannot sit, 

As Rule IV, M = R ± 1, so both M & R cannot sit 

Then remaining S & Y can sit   J   H   S/Y F 

Check the choices, 

So, the correct answer is Option E 

Question – 15 

If G, Y, and J are in chairs I through 3, respectively, which of the following must be in chair 5? 

A) F 

B) L 

C) R 

D) S 

E) T 

Answer with Hints 

1 2 3 4 5 As question        G Y J 

As Rule V, H = J ± 1, so H = 4   G Y J H 

As Rule I, Men cannot sit at 5 

As Rule II, T ≠ H ± 1, so T cannot sit 

As Rule IV, M = R ± 1, so both M & R cannot sit 

Then remaining S must be sit at 5   G Y J H S 

So, the correct answer is Option D 

Question – 16 

If T, S, F, L, and Y are in chairs 1 through 5, respectively, then G must be either in chair 

A) 6 or in chair 8 

B) 6 or in chair 10 

C) 7 or in chair 10 

D) 8 or in chair 9 

E) 8 or in chair 10 Answer with Hints 

Remaining Men = G, H, J 

Remaining Women = R, M 

As Rule I, G, H, J cannot sit together 

As Rule V, H = J ± 1, so H & J must sit together 

As Rule IV, M = R ± 1, so M & R must sit together 

Then only two possibility of sitting are as 

6 7 8 9 10 

Option 1   G R M H J 

Option 2   J H M R G 

Check the choices, 

So, the correct answer is Option B 

Question – 17 

If as many women as possible are seated on the side that has chairs numbered 1 through 5, which of the following statements must be true? A) Chair 3 is occupied by a man. 

B) Chair 8 is occupied by a woman. 

C) Chairs 1 and 2 are each occupied by a woman. 

D) Chairs 4 and 5 are each occupied by a woman. 

E) Chairs 5 and 6 are each occupied by a woman. 

Answer with Hints 

As many Women as possible are Chaired on first bench, then on second bench few Women as possible as will chaired. 

There is only one restriction of Rule I, if four Men Chaired on second bench then one Women will 

Chaired between them and that Chair will be 8th. 

6 7 8 9 10 M M W M M 

So, the correct answer is Option B 

Problem Statement – Circular / Round Table Seating Arrangement: 

Six students—F, G, H, I, J, and K—are to be seated at a round table for group study. There are six seats around the table. Each student sits facing the center of the table and is directly opposite a student across the table. The seating arrangement is subject to the following restrictions: I) K cannot sit next to H. 

II) J cannot sit next to F. 

III) I must sit next to F. 

Questions 18 to 22 

18 – If I sit next to J on J’s right side, who must sit next to I on I’s right side? 

A) F 

B) G 

C) H 

D) J  

E) K 

19 – Which of the following is an acceptable sequence of students around the table? 

A) F, J, I, K, H, G 

B) F, J, K, H, I, G 

C) K, G, H, J, F, I 

D) K, I, F, H, J, G 

E) K, J, I, F, G, H 

20 – If F sits next to H, which of the following is a complete and accurate list of those who can sit next to H on H's other side? 

A) G 

B) G, J 

C) G, J, I 

D) I, J, K 

E) G, I, J, K 

21 – If K sits next to F and J sits next to I, which of the other students must sit next to J? 

A) F 

B) G 

C) H 

D) I 

E) K 

22 – If K sits directly across the table from G, who must sit on either side of H? 

A) F and G 

B) F and J 

C) G and I 

D) G and J 

E) I and K 

Solution 

Due to shortage of time I am just providing hints to solution and answers. So try yourself. 

Summarizing of statement and Initial conditions are given below, 

Students   F G   H   I   J K 

Rules 

Rule I:   K ≠ H ± 1 

Rule II: J ≠ F ± 1 

Rule III: I = F ± 1 

Answers 

18 – A 

19 – D 

20 – B 

21 – C 

22 – D 

Hints 

Question – 18 

If I sit next to J on J’s right side, who must sit next to I on I’s right side? 

A) F 

B) G 

C) H 

D) J  

E) K 

Answer with Hints 

As Rule III, I = F ± 1, so F will sit on right side of I 

So, the correct answer is Option A 

Question – 19 

Which of the following is an acceptable sequence of students around the table? 

A) F, J, I, K, H, G 

B) F, J, K, H, I, G 

C) K, G, H, J, F, I 

D) K, I, F, H, J, G 

E) K, J, I, F, G, H 

Answer with Hints 

1st Step: Check Rule I:   E, A, B is wrong 

2nd Step: Check Rule II:   C is wrong 

So, the correct answer is Option D 

Question – 20 

If F sits next to H, which of the following is a complete and accurate list of those who can sit next to H on H's other side? 

A) G 

B) G, J 

C) G, J, I 

D) I, J, K 

E) G, I, J, K 

Answer with Hints 

Q k table round hai is liye seat number 1 say start kar k ghom kar wapas 1 par aa jayein gay 

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 

As question F H F 

As Rule III, I = F ± 1, so I = 6  

As Rule I, K cannot sit with H F H I F 

Then G and J can sit with H, so F H G/J I F 

Check the choices, 

So, the correct answer is Option B 

Question – 21 

If K sits next to F and J sits next to I, which of the other students must sit next to J? 

A) F 

B) G 

C) H 

D) I 

E) K 

Answer with Hints 

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 

As question and Rule III   K F I J K 

Then remaining as Rule I, K ≠ H ± 1, so   K F I J H G K 

So, the correct answer is Option C 

Question – 22 

If K sits directly across the table from G, who must sit on either side of H? 

A) F and G 

B) F and J 

C) G and I 

D) G and J 

E) I and K 

Answer with Hints 

Let K = 1, then G = K + 3= 1 + 3 = 4 

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 

As question    

As Rule I, H ≠ 2, 6, then H = 3, 5 K G K 

Option 1   K H G K 

Option 2    

Remaining as Rule III K G H K 

Option 1   K J H G I F K 

Option 2   K I F G H J K 

Check the choices, 

So, the correct answer is Option D 

Important Note: GAT Test main mostly pehli 4 categories k he questions aatay hain so zayada unhi par concentrate karain 

5) Comparison Problems 

Category k name say he pata chal raha hai k kis tara k question ho saktay hain. In main hum nay compare karna hota hai. Is type k question normally is tara ki statement rakhtay hain. 

• Aslam is taller than Bilal but shorter than Chand 

• Irfan is heavier than Jamil but lighter than Kashif etc 

Question solving techniques wohi hai which I have already explained in Part 1 and Part 2. Now let us solve an example, 

Problem Statement – Comparison Problems  

A Doctor is doing an informal study of the growth of exactly seven dogs—G, N, O, U, V, W and X—all six-month-old doggies from the same area . The Doctor assistant collected the following comparative data concerning the dogs’ heights: I) V is taller than X. 

II) U is taller than W. 

III) G is taller than X. 

IV) O is taller than N, but X is taller than O. 

None of the seven dogs is exactly the same height as any other dog from the area. 

Questions 23 to 26 

23 – Which of the following could be the correct ordering of the dogs from tallest to shortest? 

A) G, V, X. N, U. O, W 

B) U, W, G, X, O, V, N 

C) V, G, X, O, U, N, W 

D) V, X, U, O, W, G, N 

E) W, V. G, X, O, U, N 

24 – Which of the following must be true? A) G is taller than O. 

B) G is taller than V. C) U is taller than O. 

D) W is taller than N. 

E) X is taller than W. 

25 – If W is taller than X which of the following must be true? A) U is taller than G. 

B) U is taller than O. 

C) U is taller than V. 

D) V is taller than G. 

E) X is taller than U. 

26 – If X is taller than U, any of the following can be true EXCEPT: A) N is taller than U. 

B) U is taller than O. 

C) U is taller than V. 

D) W is taller than N. 

E) W is taller than O. 

Solution 

Due to shortage of time I am just providing hints to solution and answers. So try yourself. 

Summarizing of statement and Initial conditions are given below, 

Dogs = G, N, O, U, V, W, X 

Rules 

Rule I, V > X 

Rule II, U > W 

Rule III, G > X 

Rule IV, X > O > N 

New Rule 

Arrange the dogs according to Rules V, G > X > O >N 

Answers 

23 – C 

24 – A 

25 – B 

26 – C 

Hints 

Question – 23 

Which of the following could be the correct ordering of the dogs from tallest to shortest? 

A) G, V, X. N, U. O, W 

B) U, W, G, X, O, V, N 

C) V, G, X, O, U, N, W 

D) V, X, U, O, W, G, N 

E) W, V. G, X, O, U, N 

Answer with Hints 

1st Step: Check New Rule: A, B, D is wrong 

2nd Step: Check Rule II: E is wrong 

So, the correct answer is Option C 

Question – 24 

Which of the following must be true? A) G is taller than O. 

B) G is taller than V. 

C) U is taller than O. 

D) W is taller than N. 

E) X is taller than W. 

Answer with Hints 

As per New Rule the correct answer is Option A 

Question – 25 

If W is taller than X which of the following must be true? A) U is taller than G. 

B) U is taller than O. 

C) U is taller than V. 

D) V is taller than G. 

E) X is taller than U. Answer with Hints 

If W > X 

As Rule II: U > W and as Rule IV:  X > O > N, then sequence will be as 

U > W > X > O > N 

Check the choice 

So, the correct answer is Option B 

Question – 26 

If X is taller than U, any of the following can be true EXCEPT: A) N is taller than U. 

B) U is taller than O. 

C) U is taller than V. 

D) W is taller than N. 

E) W is taller than O. 

Answer with Hints 

If X > U then as New Rule will be as 

V, G > X > O, U 

Check the choice, 

So, the correct answer is Option C 

6) Networking Problems 

Networking k questions mostly roads ya stations k relevant hotay hain. Yani aik jaga say dosri jaga travelling karni ho to kon kon say roads udhar jatay. Wo roads One way hain ya Two way hain. Phir different conditions day kar pocha jata hai. K aik jaga say dosri jaga tak kis kis tara ja sakta hai. Is type k problems main normally is tara ki statements hoti hain. 

• There are six stations on a railway track. 

• In a city 3 two way roads and 4 one way roads from a square . . . etc 

Question solving techniques wohi hai which I have already explained in Part 1 and Part 2. Now let us solve an example, 

Important Note: Is type k question solve kartay hoye is bat ka khayal rakhna hota hai k road TWO WAY hai ya ONE WAY. Agar is chez ki care ki jaye to question kabi b galat solve nahein hoga. 

Problem Statement – Networking Problems  

A boy uses a motor cycle to pick up aids of unsold food and garmenting from stores and deliver them to locations where they can be distributed. He drives only along a certain network of roads. In the network there are two-way roads connecting each of the following pairs of points: A with B, A with C, A with E, B with F, C with G, E with F, and F with G. There are also one-way roads going from B to D, from C to B, and from D to C. There are no other roads in the network, and the roads in the network do not intersect. To make a trip involving pickups and deliveries, the boy always takes a route that for the whole trip passes through the fewest of the points A through G, counting a point twice if he boy passes through it twice. The boy's house is at point C. Aids can be picked up at a General Store at point A, a garmenting store at point E, and a bakery at point D, Deliveries can be made as needed to a tutoring center at point B, a distribution center at point F, and a supermarket at point G. 

Questions 27 to 30 

27 – If the boy starts at the General Store and next is to go to the supermarket, the-first intermediate point of his route passes through must be 

A) B 

B) C 

C) E 

D) F 

E) G 

28 – If, starting from house, the boy next is to make pickups for the supermarket at the General Store and the bakery (in either order), the first two intermediate points on his route, beginning with the first, must be 

A) A and B 

B) A and C 

C) B and A 

D) B and D 

E) D and B 

29 – If, starting from the garmenting store, the boy next is to pick up bread at either the General Store or the bakery (whichever stop makes his route go through the fewest of the points) and then is to go to the supermarket, the first two points be reaches after the garmenting store, beginning with the first, must be 

A) A and B 

B) A and C 

C) D and B 

D) F and B 

E) F and D 

30 – If the boy is to make a trip starting at the supermarket, next going to the bakery for a pickup, and then ending at the distribution center, the first two intermediate points on his route, beginning with the first, can be 

A) C and A 

B) C and D 

C) D and B 

D) F and B 

E) F and E 

Solution 

Due to shortage of time I am just providing hints to solution and answers. So try yourself. 

Networking ka question solve karnay k liye hamesha diagram banana parti hai. Agar 2 destinantions k darmayan line k dono ends par arrow bana ho to wo Two Way Road hota hai aur agar sirf 1 end par arrow bana ho to wao One Way Road hota hai aur uski direction Tail say Head ki taraf hoti hai. For example nechay de gai diagram main line between A and B is two way. Jab k line between B and C is one way jis ki direction C say B ki taraf hai. 

Summarizing the conditions 

Two Way Roads a ↔ (b, c, e)   b ↔ f   c ↔g   e ↔ f   f ↔ g 

One Way Roads b →d   c → b   d → c

Object passes through fewest points. 

H = c G.S = a   G = e   B = d   T.C = b   D = f   S.M = g 

Diagram 

  

Answers 

27 – B 

28 – A 

29 – B 

30 – D 

Hints 

Question – 27 

If the boy starts at the General Store and next is to go to the supermarket, the-first intermediate point of his route passes through must be 

A) B 

B) C 

C) E 

D) F 

E) G 

Answer with Hints 

G.S → S.M   or   a → g 

Shortest Route   a → c → g 

So, the correct answer is Option B 

Question – 28 

If, starting from house, the boy next is to make pickups for the supermarket at the General Store and the bakery (in either order), the first two intermediate points on his route, beginning with the first, must be 

A) A and B 

B) A and C 

C) B and A 

D) B and D 

E) D and B 

Answer with Hints 

H → G.S → B   or c → a → d 

Shortest Route   c → a → b → d 

Two intermediate a and b 

So, the correct answer is Option A 

Question – 29 

If, starting from the garmenting store, the boy next is to pick up bread at either the General Store or the bakery (whichever stop makes his route go through the fewest of the points) and then is to go to the supermarket, the first two points be reaches after the garmenting store, beginning with the first, must be 

A) A and B 

B) A and C 

C) D and B 

D) F and B 

E) F and D 

Answer with Hints 

G→ G.S/B →S.M   or e → a, d → g 

Shortest Route   e → a → c → g 

Intermediates a and c 

So, the correct answer is Option B 

Question – 30 

If the boy is to make a trip starting at the supermarket, next going to the bakery for a pickup, and then ending at the distribution center, the first two intermediate points on his route, beginning with the first, can be 

A) C and A 

B) C and D 

C) D and B 

D) F and B 

E) F and E 

Answer with Hints 

S.M → B and D  

Shortest Route or   g → d & f 

Option 1   g → c → b → d →c → b → f 

Option 2   g → f → b → d → c → b → f 

First two Intermediates c and b or f and b 

Check the choices, 

So, the correct answer is Option D 

7) Matrix Problems 

Sometime aisa hota hai k kisi question k main kisi banday ki aik say zayada skills de hoti hain aur uski skills k mutabiq hum nay us say kaam lene hotay hain. Yani aik he bada ho kabi us say mechanic ka kaam lain kabi carpenter ka. Ab aisi problems ko hal karnay k liye usay tabular form main likh diya jata hai jisay matrix b kaha jata hai. Phir us table k madad say question solve karnay bohat asaan ho jatay hain. Is type k questions main is tara ki statements hoti hain. 

• Ali can work as mechanic, carpenter and packer 

• Bilal has the ability to do work as driver and cook . . . etc 

Now let us solve an example, 

Problem Statement – Matrix Problems  

5 people Ghazi, Hamid, Imran, Jamil and Kashif work in a factory. On any given shift, a person can be assigned to one of five jobs: Mechanic, Truck Driver, Packer, Weigher or Dispatcher. 

I) Ghazi can work as mechanic, packer or weigher 

II) Hamid can work as either packer or weigher 

III) Imran can work as mechanic, truck driver or dispatcher 

IV) Jamil can work as truck driver or dispatcher 

V) Kashif can work as truck driver or weigher 

Questions 31 to 32 

31 – If Jamil is not assigned to function as dispatcher, then all of the following must be true EXCEPT: 

A) Ghazi is mechanic 

B) Hamid is the dispatcher 

C) Jean is the truck driver 

D) Hamid is the packer 

E) Kashif is the weigher 

32 – If Ghazi is assigned as mechanic, which of the following must be true? 

A) Hamid is packer 

B) Kashif is weigher 

C) Imran is truck driver 

D) Jamil is dispatcher 

E) Hamid is weigher 

Solution 

Is main hum aik matrix bana lain gay jis k column main hum Persons k name aur row main un k functions likh lain gay. 

It will be like this 

  Mechanic Truck 

Driver Packer Weigher Dispatcher 

Ghazi  

Hamid  

Imran  

Jamil  

Kashif  

Ab hum bari bari apni initial condtions ko dekhtay hovay isko fill kartay jayein gay. After applying Initial Condition I, the table values are given below, 

  M TD P W D 

G ● ● ●  

H  

I  

J  

K  

After applying Initial Condition II, the table values are given below, 

  M TD P W D 

G ● ● ●  

H ● ●  

I  

J  

K  

After applying Initial Condition III, the table values are given below, 

  M TD P W D 

G ● ● ●  

H ● ●  

I ● ● ● 

J  

K  

After applying Initial Condition IV, the table values are given below, 

  M TD P W D 

G ● ● ●  

H ● ●  

I ● ● ● 

J ● ● 

K  

After applying Initial Condition V, the table values are given below, 

  M TD P W D 

G ● ● ●  

H ● ●  

I ● ● ● 

J ● ● 

K ● ●  

So, after summarizing all initial conditions we find above matrix giving us a picture k kon kaya kaya kar sakta hai. 

Answers 

31 – B 

32 – A 

Hints 

Question – 31 

If Jamil is not assigned to function as dispatcher, then all of the following must be true EXCEPT: 

A) Ghazi is mechanic 

B) Hamid is the dispatcher 

C) Jean is the truck driver 

D) Hamid is the packer 

E) Kashif is the weigher 

Explanatory Answer 

Is question main hamain jo extra condition de gai hai hum us ko apnay matrix main daal ka solution nikaal lain gay. 

  M TD P W D 

G ● ● ●  

H ● ●  

I ● ● ● 

J ●  

K ● ●  

Table say bara wazaya pata chal raha hai k Hamid dispatcher ho he nahein sakta. 

So, the correct answer is Option B 

Question – 32 

If Ghazi is assigned as mechanic, which of the following must be true? 

A) Hamid is packer 

B) Kashif is weigher 

C) Imran is truck driver 

D) Jamil is dispatcher 

E) Hamid is weigher 

Explanatory Answer 

Is question main hamain jo extra condition de gai hai hum us ko apnay matrix main daal ka solution nikaal lain gay. 

  M TD P W D 

G ● ● ●  

H ● ●  

I ● ● ● 

J ● ● 

K ● ●  

Table say bara wazaya pata chal raha hai k agar Ghazi mechanic hai to wo Packer ya Weigher ki job nahein kar sakta to phir Packer sirf Hamid he ho sakta hai. 

So, the correct answer is Option A 

8) Relationships Analytical Problems 

Ye wo questions hotay hain jin main pocha jata hai k Kon kis ka kaya lagta hai . . . yani family relationships ka pocha jata hai. Aisay questions ko hum FAMILY TREE bana kar easily solve kar saktay hain. Is type k questions is tara say start hotay hain. 

• Ali has a mother, wife and two children. 

• Bilal is son of Ali, Ali is son of Akbar, Akbar is brother of Jamal . . . etc 

Useful Relationships:-  

Ye relationship is tara say diye gaye hain k aap nay khud ko base lena hai. 

a. Mother’s or father’s son- Brother  

b. Mother’s or father’s Daughter - Sister  

c. Mother’s or father’s Sister - Aunt  

d. Mother’s or father’s Mother- Grand mother  

e. Mother’s or father’s Father - Grand Father  

f. Son’s wife - daughter in law  

g. Daughter’s husband – Son in law  

h. Brother’s son - Nephew  

i. Brother’s Daughter – Niece  

j. Uncle or Aunt’s son or daughter - Cousin  

k. Grandfather’s only daughter in law- Mother  

l. Grandfather’s Son – Father 0r Uncle  

Now let us solve an example, 

Problem Statement – Relationships 

Bira, an only child, is married and she and her husband have two children, Nasir and Samina. 

Nasir is Parveen’s nephew by blood and Vicky’s grandson. Vicky and his wife had only two children Fahad and his sister plus four grandchildren (Two boys and Two girls). Warda is Samina’s grandmother. 

Questions 33 to 34 

33 – All of the following must be true EXCEPT: 

A) Warda is Vicky’s wife 

B) Vicky is Samina’s grandfather 

C) Vicky is Bilal’s father in law 

D) Parveen is Bilal’s sister in law 

E) Fahad is Samina’s father 

34 – Which of the following could be true? 

A) Samina is Nasir’s sister 

B) Nasir has exactly two cousins 

C) Parveen has one son and one daughter 

D) Bilal has only one nephew 

E) Warda is Fahad’s mother 

Solution 

Is k solution k liye hamain Family Tree banana paray ga us ki madad say hamara question palak jhapaktay solve ho jaye ga. 

Male k liye                        ka sign use kiya gaya hai 

Female k liye                      ka sign use kiya gaya hai 

Mian aur BV k relation double line ‘=’ say zahir kiya gaya hai 

Mian aur BV ki aulad ko Down line    say zahar kiya gaya hai 

Bhai aur Behan k liye dotted signle line - - - - - ko use kiya gaya hai 

Ab zara hum question ki statement ko parhtay hoye family tree develop kar lete hain. 

Bira, an only child, is married and she and her husband have two children, Nasir and Samina. 

Yaha tak hamain ye pata chal raha hai k Bira apnay maa baap ki akloti beti hai aur us k 2 bachay hain Nasir aur Samina 

Jab b family tree banana ho to ye zarori nahein hota k sirf un ko show kiya jaye jin j name hain. Hamain puri Husband Wife ki theory ko follow karna parta hai. Jis ka pata ho k kon hai usay label kar dete hain aur agar kisi ka na pata ho to usay blank chor dete hain. 

Ab statement thori mazeed parh kar dekhtay hain. 

Nasir is Parveen’s nephew by blood and Vicky’s grandson 

Ab yahan say ye pata chalta hai k Parveen Nasir ki Phupho yani Bira k husband ki behan hai aur Vicky Nasir ka Dada hai ya Nana abi ye clear nahein hai. Lekin sawal ye paida hota hai k ye kese pata chala k Parveen Nasir ki phupho hai Khala nahein to jawab bara simple hai k Bira to apnay maa baap ki akloti beti hai us ka koi behan bhai nahein hai. 

Ab hum baqi information lay kar apna family tree complete kartay hain. 

Vicky and his wife had only two children Fahad and his sister plus four grandchildren (Two boys and Two girls). Warda is Samina’s grandmother 

Ab yahan say ye sabat ho gaya k gaya k Vicky Nasir ka dada hai q k Bira to akloti hai jab k Vicky k 2 bachay hain Parveen aur Fahad. Iska ye b matlab hai k Fahad Bira ka husband hai. 

Aik aur chez clear hoti hai k Vicky k 2 potay 2 potiyan hain. 2 to Fahad k through hain iska matlab baqi 2 Parveen k through hain. 

Lekin aik chez abi b unclear hai wo hai Warda. Us k baray main hum ye clear nahein keh saktay k wo Samina ki Dadi hai ya Nani. 

Complete Family Tree 

Answers 

33 – A 

32 – E 

Explanations 

Question – 33 

All of the following must be true EXCEPT: 

A) Warda is Vicky’s wife 

B) Vicky is Samina’s grandfather 

C) Vicky is Bira’s father in law 

D) Parveen is Bira’s sister in law 

E) Fahad is Samina’s father 

Explanatory Answer 

Hum apnay question ko family tree say check karain gay to hamain pata chalta hai k tamam options correct hain swaye A k. Q k Warda ka clear nahein hai ko Wo Victor ki bv hai ya nai. So, the correct answer is Option A 

Question – 34 

Which of the following could be true? 

A) Samina is Nasir’s sister 

B) Nasir has exactly two cousins 

C) Parveen has one son and one daughter 

D) Bira has only one nephew 

E) Warda is Fahad’s mother 

Explanatory Answer 

Is question main pocha gaya hai k kaya sach ho sakta hai. Agar hum sab options ko family tree say compare karain to hamain pata chalta hai k har chez exactly true hai swaye option E k. Q k wo ho b sakta hai aur nahein b. Aur q k hum say COULD BE ka question kiya gaya hai is liye. The correct answer is Option E 

THE END 

Please remember me in your prayers (Muhammad Usman Yousaf) 

This guide book was originally shared in a group and we re-shared it to help more people.